Noise Modules - Focus Microwaves

Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.

Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:

Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.

A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.

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Setup

Input Noise Module

wdt_ID	Model	Frequency	Connector	Insertion Loss	VSWR
1	INM-2600	up to 26.5 GHz	3.5mm	0.80 dB	1.60
2	INM-4000	up to 40 GHz	2.9mm	0.91 dB	1.80
3	INM-5000	up to 50 GHz	2.4mm	0.99 dB	1.80
4	INM-6700	up to 67 GHz	1.85mm	1.12 dB	1.90

Output Noise Module

wdt_ID	Model	Frequency	Connector	Downconverter	Minimum Gain (dB)	VSWR
1	ONM-2600	up to 26.5 GHz	3.5mm		29	1.8:1
2	ONM-4000	up to 40 GHz	2.9mm		30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz	2.1:1
3	ONM-4000-DC	up to 40 GHz	2.9mm	▼	30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz	2.1:1
4	ONM-5000	up to 50 GHz	2.4mm		27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz	2:1
5	ONM-5000-DC	up to 50 GHz	2.4mm	▼	27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz	2:1
6	ONM-6700	up to 67 GHz	1.85mm		29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz	3:1
7	ONM-6700-DC	up to 67 GHz	1.85mm	▼	29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz	3:1